GROUNDWATER Agribusinesses now deal with various governmental regulations, such as clean air (odors and other emissions), clean water (surface and groundwater) and other environmental laws and permitting requirements.  A significant amount of resources are also expended on litigation-related issues. Golder Associates defines tunnelling excellence as Performance under pressure. This is because that of all underground openings, pressure tunnels provide the greatest design challenges. Failure to understand and address the technical issues of pressure tunnel design often leads to excessive leakage, water loss, slope failures and/or groundwater contamination. Groundwater Flow Modelling Golder Associates has extensive experience in groundwater flow modelling. Typical applications for this modelling in the aggregate industry include: * Impact assessments of quarry dewatering on surrounding water courses and wetlands; * Assessment of water well interference; * Development of water balances for determining pumping requirements; * Design of groundwater mitigation systems; and * Technical support for license and permit application s. Golder Associates has experienced personnel specifically trained in groundwater flow modelling applications to ensure that any simulation provides accurate representations of actual conditions. Golder is proficient in 1, 2, and 3-dimensional finite element and finite difference modelling and has numerous proprietary and commercial modelling packages in-house, such as: * FEFLOW * FRACMAN * MODFLOW * AFPM * SEEP/W * FPM * MT3D * SOLTR * FLOWPATH * FLOWDIM Golder's modellers also have experience in large scale regulatory approvals processes subject to detailed agency review and public scrutiny. |groundwater|groundwater management|engineering geology|hydrogeology|