Canada

Canada

Canada has a strong scientific tradition, supported by world-renowned research institutions and a strong commitment to innovation and education. Many Canadian scientists have won Nobel Prizes in fields such as physics and chemistry. The Canadian economy is one of the most developed and diversified in the world, with key sectors including natural resources (oil, gas, minerals, timber), manufacturing and services. The country is a major exporter of natural resources, and the service sector (trade, finance, technology) is a significant part of the economy.

Basic data

  • Capital : Ottawa
  • Population : 39.860 million
  • National languages: English, French
  • National holiday: July 1

Government

Canada is a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy.

Geography

  • Surface: 9.965 million km2
  • Highest peak : Mount Logan 5,959 m
  • Largest glacier: Columbia Glacier, 1036 km2

Large cities and conurbations :

Population in 2024

City

Agglomeration population

Toronto

2.600.000

Montreal

1.600,000

Calgary

1,019,942

Ottawa

812,129

Edmonton

712,391

Mississauga

668,549

North York

636,000

Winnipeg

632,063

Vancouver

706,000

Scarborough

629,000

Source : statcan.gc.ca

Scientific research

Canada has a rich scientific tradition, developed through world-renowned research institutions and a strong commitment to innovation and education, which are generally highly ranked (see www.universityrankings.ch). Many Canadian scientists have won Nobel Prizes, in all scientific disciplines from physics to chemistry.

  • Canadian universities: /directory/universities
  • Universities of applied sciences: www.collegesinstitutes.ca
  • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC): www.nserc.gc.ca
  • Institute for Health Research: www.cihr-irsc-igh-isfh.ca
  • Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC): www.sshrc-gc.ca
  • Government - Science and Research: science.gc.ca

Economy

The Canadian economy is one of the most developed and diversified in the world, based on a variety of sectors such as natural resources, manufacturing and services. Canada is rich in natural resources, including oil, gas, minerals and timber, making it a major exporter.

The service sector, which includes trade, finance and technology, accounts for the majority of the economy.

The country also benefits from trade agreements, such as the Canada-U.S.-Mexico Agreement (CUMA), which strengthen its commercial relations. In 2023, Canada’s GDP is estimated at around CAD 2,200 billion.